Direct & Indirect Speech

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

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UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA2014-2015

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

Example

• She says, "What time will you be home?"
• She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

Example

Some examples of changes in form in indirect speech in English are given below. See also Sequence of tenses, and Uses of English verb forms: Indirect speech.

• It is raining hard.
  She says that it is raining hard. (no change)
  She said that it was raining hard. (change of tense when the main verb is past tense)
• I have painted the ceiling blue.
  He said that he had painted the ceiling blue. (change of person and tense)
• I will come to your party tomorrow.
  I said that I would come to his party the next day/the following day. (change of tense, person and time expression)
• How do people manage to live in this city?
  I asked him how people managed to live in that city. (change of tense and question syntax, and of demonstrative)
• Please leave the room.
  I asked them to leave the room. (use of infinitive phrase)

EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes past tense.Johnsi said, “I write a letter”. (D.S)Johnsi said that she wrote a letter. (I.S)
2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged.Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S)
3. Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous.John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)John said that he was going to church. (I.S)
4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)
5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.Kamal said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S)Nelson said that he had done his home work. (I.S)
6. Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S)He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)
7. Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’.He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S)He said that he would go to London the next day. (I.S)

QUESTION

1.	The boy said, "Who dare call you a thief?"
	A. The boy enquired who dared call him a thief. B. The boy asked who called him a thief. C. The boy told that who dared call him a thief. D. The boy wondered who dared call a thief. Answer: Option A

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2.	She exclaimed with sorrow that was a very miserable plight.
	A. She said with sorrow, "What a pity it is." B. She said, "What a mystery it is." C. She said, "What a miserable sight it is." D. She said, "What a miserable plight it is." Answer: Option D

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3.	Dhruv said that he was sick and tired of working for that company.
	A. Dhruv said, "I am sick and tired of working for this company." B. Dhruv said, "He was tired of that company." C. Dhruv said to me, "I am sick and tired of working for this company." D. Dhruv said, "I will be tired of working for that company." Answer: Option A

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4.	"Are you alone, my son?" asked a soft voice close behind me.
	A. A soft voice asked that what I was doing there alone. B. A soft voice said to me are you alone son. C. A soft voice from my back asked If I was alone. D. A soft voice behind me asked If I was alone. Answer: Option D

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5.

She said to him, "Why don't you go today?"

A. She asked him why he did not go that day. B. She said to him why he don't go that day. C. She asked him not to go that day. D. She asked him why he did not go today. Answer: Option A Referensi: http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_speech http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html http://www.weblearn.in/direct_speech/ http://www.indiabix.com/verbal-ability/change-of-speech/110002